Vacuum pump



- 1 9 l 619 364 March 1 27 E. Q CAKES VACUUM PUMP Filed Jan. 4. 1924 s Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR; ERNEST C. UHKES By a I W aw... W 403; AIIQQNEY.

March 1 1927.

' 1,619,364 E; c. OAKES VACUUM PUMP Filed Jan. 4, 1 24' 5 Sheets-Shet 2 FIBlE l IIIIIIIIIIII k" 20 4 Q INVEN TOR. E RNESTC'. UHKEs Tm amom March 1', l927.- 1,619,364

, E.C.OAKES I I VACUUM PUMP Filed Jan. 4, 1924 3 Sheets-Sheet3 Y Y PUB .131.

,7 INVENTOR. r

EHNEsTEU/FIKEE I I B A 28a MSATTORNEK Patented Mar. 1, 1927.

1,619,364 P Aren't -oFFIcE..

n-nivns'r c; OAK-ES; ornnoomi-nrn;Newannsnr, ASSIGNOR,.BY M-ESNE ASSIGNMENTS,

TO EMPIRE MILKI'NG MAGH'DNEOOM'PAHY, 1N0, OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK,' A

' CORPORATION OF NEVI'YOR'KF vacuum PUMP.

' Application filedalanuanyl, 1924, Serial no. 684,276.

This invention relates to vacuum pumps,

arvery simple construction, andone that in 1 the hands-of even unskilled attendants will function continuously and uniformly, and PIOVldG in; particular areliable vacuum pump for suchuexacting requirements as in the case of providing av vacuum for the op- I eration of mill'ringmacliines.

In particular, the invention involves .a vacuum pump vcylinder with no separate valves, with a plain piston having no valves, and effecting vacuum suction control. by simple rportsin a. disc cooperating with the cylinder ports in a cooperatingdisc formed as a simple inte ral ,part-of'the wall of the cylz-j inder. The functioningv is accomplished by rotating the vacuum pumpcylinder around a: middle axis transverse to the axis of the piston rod,,a nd efiecting this rotary motion of thepiston by means that affect in a very simple manner the reciprocation of the piston synchronously withfltherotation of the port-control disc. By the particular construction an automatic means of lubrication of: the rotary disc port control is assured in combination with the functioning of" the pump, by the cooperation of the suction to" maintain a very efiiclent contact for the port- I cont-rohas well as'to assure .the surface lu-V brifcati'on'to prevent .undue friction, both. c0-

operating tov assure'automatically 'anid'eaL combination of: pressure between discs controlling the cooperation of cylinder ports and the vacuum lineinlet as Well as the exha-ust.

In the operation of this vacuumv pump, the efficiency: in the functioning by the co operation of the various features of. construction, .has'been' found to greatly exceed the efficiency of all of'the other types of vacuum pumps which have heretofore been used. to produce vacuum for similar purposes.

While various'modifications may he made and the design lends. itself to constructions of various sizes, a particular embodiment involving the advantages is, shown in the accompanying drawings, which 7 cvlinder and port connections, taken on the 7 piston in its middle position.

'Fi'g. V is a section on the line 5 5, Fig. IV. i v

The vacuum pump comprises a cylinder 1 piston 2 and piston rod 3. On one side 0 '7 the piston adisc 4 has ports t' 5,:--respectively at each extreme end oflthe internal cylinder space. A shaft orstud 6v is formed 111g which is a cap I3 which encloses the bearing space making it airtight, and thro ughthiscap and oil pipe 14; supplies oil from an o1l-cup 15 which is preferably a drip oil supply, thereby automatically feeding slowly way to the surface to be lubricated, for reasons that willibe later explained.

The piston rod '3 has an end bearing 16 engaged by a wrist-pin 17 mounted in a block 18 which is secured by suitable means, such as-scr-ews 19-19, to the periphery" of a shell 20, which may be termed the rotor, and which is preferably made out of a stamping in disc shape, with its hub secured to a flange 21, which in turn is rigidly secured to the end 22 of shaft 23 which is mounted inbearings- 24-2t carried by bearing block 25 forming an integral part .of the bracket or frame 26, which is securely held to the base 11 which is a common base with the bracket 10. The shaft 23 is shown as drivenby a pulley 27, but gearingmay be employed, or various modifications ,of drive may be. applied to the shaft or to the shell or rotor 20. The rotor shaft 23' is axially offset but parallel with the shaft 6 on which the piston longitudinal axis of the cylinder with the,

The shaft 6 is preferably held in thebearings by a stud screw 12,,surrounds a measured amount of oil, which finds itsother end, because synchronously with the movement of the piston the cylinder rotates on the axis of the shaft 6 bringing the ports '5 alternately in register with the vacuum line 28 whenever the piston is receding from the respective port a. On the opposite side of the piston, the air iJBlll" compressed 1s exhausted through the port which the pis ton is approaching, and passes ttreely out of an outlet port in the face plate 29 formed as a part of the bearing-block 9, or fixedly sccured thereto. The suction through the port 28 draws the air out of the vacuum line 30,

which is connected with the piping of the vacuum system and thercl'iy creates the de sired vacuum throughout the system.

It will thus be noted that as the rotor revolves it drives the wrist-din and the piston rod end thereby rotating the cylinder on the shaft 6, and synchronously moving the piston in the cylinder. The piston is arranged with a minimum possible clearance,

, and the piston rods are hushed with an airtight packing 31. Thus when the piston is at the limit of its stroke, asshown in Fig. I, all of the air has been expelled through the adjacent port 5 and through the clearance 29 formed in the disc or plate 29. hen

the rotor has turned a few degrees in the direction shown by the arrow in Fig. III, the piston recedes creating suction from that end and in the adj acent port 5, and the port 5 then registers with the vacuum line port 28 establishing the suction connections with the vacuum line throughout the first half of the rotation of the rotor, and therefore during the entire suction stroke, but closing the port 5 connection at 28 by the contact of disc a with the plate 29. That suction port is thus kept closed for about sixty degrees, and the return stroke of the piston begins to compress the air that has been sucked out of the vacuumline 30 As soon as this compression reaches a predetermined degree, the outlet s ace or a recess 29" in disc 29, is reached y the port 5, thereby establishing the outlet for the compressed air, and the exhaust continues during the remainder of the revolution, that is, until the piston has reached the return limit ot' its stroke when the exhaust connection of port 5 is closed as at 29". In the meantime a similar cycle has been performed on the other side of the piston, because of the other port 5 in sequence establishingconnection with the vac uum port 28, cutting elf, and then opening or registering with theexhaust gap 29* in plate 29.

In the port-control view, Fig. V, is illustrated the successive positions of the ports 55 at opposite ends of the cylinder as a valve diagram in which said suction ports are shown in their relative positions wherein one of them a is closing for suction, while the other 6 at the piston end is closing the exhaust connection,-in position a said port is closed by the disc contact, while Z) position is opening register with thevacuum port,-when the one port is in position a it is fully exhausting, and the port at the opposite end, in position b,isin full suctionregistration, and so continues until the end of thestroke, while the opposite cylinder port remains open for exhaust until the piston reaches the end of the stroke. lead of these ports while indicated as about twenty degrees delay for opening of suction, and about sixty degrees delay before exhaust opening, produces very eliicient operation in the case of a pump having about 2 diameter cylinder with 2 stroke and turning at about 30d revolutions per minute with variations of cylinder and variations of speed, it will be understood that the cylinder ports relationto the suction port may be varied to secure the best elliciency, and the lead or lap may be varied, and likewise the size of the ports 5 may be varied, and would, in general, extend to a greater circular angle with increasing speed of pump, or would have their area otherwise suitably increased.

In particular it is to be noted that when the suction takes place tending to draw air out of the vacuum line 30, the suction also is effective throughout the joint between the piston plate or disc 4 and the port disc 29 thereby drawing these two contacting surfaces tight together and automatically as suring a close and airtight fit. However, with such suction drawing the discs together, there is also a tendency to create suction from the centre of the disc and from the hearings, so that any oil or lubricant located in the bearing space will be drawn into the space between the discs, thereby lubricating the discs automatically and generally in proportion to the pressure. In this way the suction, as well as the centrifugal forces ali'ecting any oil that has passed from the bearingsspace to the disc surface, will cause the oil to form a film between the disc surfaces thereby sealing them and making them airtight, so that nothin mally be drawn througi such spaces, and the suction causing pressure between the discs will keep the film very thin, allowing only sufiicient lubrication to form both an air seal and also permit a smallamount of oil to pass radially outward between the discs,

The

but oil will normisses.

" until the-ioil reaches the suction= ports. 5.

When: any oil reaches the :ports 5,.the. sue tion willfdraw the oil. into the cylinder, so that: by this design of. pump, the single. oil.- ing' systemalso supplies any necessary lubrication in the interior of the cylinder Where it spreads to the surface and isengagedby the piston and the piston rings, and pro-- vides all of the desired lubricatiol in order to produce the 1 maximumof eificiencyof operation. By having the oil supply, such as. oil-cup 15, of ample size to slowly feed oil through the end of the bearing space, the oil in small quantities passes through the bear ings :th'ereby supplying What is-there needed, andziby the suction and the-centrifugal effect all. needed: oil is carried as above. described, to the only. wiping surface of the entire pump, namely, the port-control engaging discs. J

For-the purpose of lubrication of the rotor shaft, an oil-cup 82 may be. applied in the usual way, and the wrist-pin and piston rod end may be suitably lubricated in any desired manner. 7 I 1 In order that thepump may be finished as acomplete well-protected unit, a stamped disc 33 is'formed and secured as by lag screws 34 to the fixed bracket 10, while the peripheral flange 33 of this casing carries over the rotorrimQO, with a small clearance, avoiding any friction, but still protecting the interior fromthe elements, as fromwater, dust and dirt. m

It has been found that this construction of pump functions with great economy and produces a uniform suction and a steady vacuum, to any degree required for the purposes to'which it is applicable. The construction throughout involves a minimum of parts and simplicity of parts, with no wearing surfaces affected by ordinary and regularoperatiomand therefore provides a Very durable aswell as efficient pump.

lVhilevarious modifications may be made without. departing from the spirit of my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A. vacuum pump comprising a power shaft, a cylinder with its axis at right angles to the power shaft, a shaft supporting the cylinder projecting at right angles thereto and parallel with and ofi'set from the power shaft, a fixed support for said cylinder shaft having suction port and a discharge port, and a port disc associated therewith integral with the cylinder side and mounted to rotate in pressed contact with the support disc under the influence of the pump suction.

2. A vacuum pump comprising a power shaft, a cylinder at right angles thereto, a shaft supporting said cylinder at. right angles and parallel to the power shaft offset from its axis, a fixed support for the cylwith the first disc by the vacuum action. in

the line.

3. A vacuum pump comprising poworr shaft, a cylinder at right angles thereto, a shaft supporting-said cylinder atright angles and parallel to the power shaft offset from.

its axis, a fixedi-supp'ort for and atone side of the cylinder shaft having a port discand a vacuum line connection tosaid' disc, a cos;

operating port disc on the cylinder held in contact with the first disc by the vacuum action in the line, a bearing supporting said cylinder shaft, anairtight cavity enclosing said bearing having an oil. inlet and a. communi'cating passage with the spacebetween the fi xed and cylinder port discs.

l. A vacuum pump comprising a power shaft, a pump cylinder at right angleslthereto-having aright angle shaft. support, a piston rodprojecting from said cylinder and a wrist pin therefor'actuatedby the power shaft to revolve eccentrically with the cylinder support shaft, a fixed: port disc surrounding the cylindershaft and cooperating by suction contact'with a rotating portdisc on the cylinder.

5'. A vacuum pump comprising a power shaft, apump cylinder at right angles thereto having a. right angle shaft support, a: pis

ton rod projecting from said cylinder and a wrist pin therefor actuated by the power shaft to revolve eccentrically with the cyl inder support shaft, a fixed port disc sur-' rounding the cylinder shaft andcooperating by suction contact with a rotating port disc on. the cylinder, asingle piston on said rod having a throw throughout the entire length of the piston space, and having a port at the limit of each; piston. end on one side through said cylinder port disc.

6. A vacuum: pump comprising a power the power shaft but offset therefrom, a port disc on the .cyliuderxat the opposite side-ofthe cylinder from the power shaft and offset from the power shaft, a bearing for the cylinder shaft and a fixed port disc thereon, means for holding the cylinder at its disc within predetermined clearance of the face of the fixed port disc.

7. A vacuum pump comprising a power shaft, a cylinder at right angles thereto having a laterally-projecting sole supporting shaft parallel to the power shaft but offset therefrom, a port disc on the cylinder, a bearing for the cylinder shaft and a fixed port disc thereon, means for holding the cylinder at its disc within predetermined clearance of the face of the fixedport disc, and

an airtight chamber about the cylinder shaft bearing having its only outlet througlrthc clearance between said discs. i

8. A vacuum pump comprising a power shaft, a cylinder at right angles thereto having a laterallyprojecting shaft parallel. to the power shaft but oti'set therefrom, a port disc on the cylinder on one side extending uniformly toward each end of the cylinder, a bearing for the cylinder shaft and a fixed port disc thereon, means for holding the cylinder atits disc within predetermined clearance of the face of the fixed port disc, an airtight chamber around the hearings of the cylinder shaft, and an oil-supply iced to said airtight chamber whereby the suction drawing said discs together also draws a film of oil over their adjacent surfaces.

9. A vacuum pump comprising a power shaft, a pump cylinder at right angles thereto, a piston rod projecting from said cylinder and having a wrist pin connection with the power shaft, a lateral hinge connected with said power shaftovcrhanging the plane of rotation of the cylinder and embodying a wrist pin bearing.

10. A vacuum pump comprising a power shaft, a pump cylinder at right angles thereto, a piston rod projecting from said. cylin der and having a wrist pin connection with the power shai't,a lateral flange connected with said power shaft overhi-inging the plane of rotation of the cylinder and embodying a wrist pin bearing, and a fixed casing sup ported adjacent the fixed bearing of the pump cylinder shaft having its rim concentric with and in close proximity to the power shaft casing flange and forming therewith a protective joint.

11. A vacuum pump comprising a dished driving casing with an overhanging rim, a double-acting pump cylinder enclosed within said casing with an axis transverse thereto, a shaft supporting said pump cylinder at right angles to its axis, but disposed eccentrically to the drive casing axis, a bearing support for said cylinder shaft and a fixed port disc associated therewith and forming a lateral abutment for a contacting disc on the side of the cylinder, suction ports in said cylinder disc at the extreme ends of the cylinder space, i and a registering suction port l 111 the fixed disc extending 1n an are throughout slightly less than halfthe circumference.

12A vacuum pump con'iprising avdished driving casing with an overhanging rim, a double-acting pump cylinder enclosed with.- in said casing with an axis transverse thereto, a shaft supporting said pump cylinder at right angles to its axis but disposed eccen trically to the drive casing axis, a bearing support yior said cylinder shaft and a fixed port disc associated therewith and forming a lateral abutment fora contacting disc at the extreme ends of the cylinder space, and

a registering suction port, in the fixed disc cxtendingin an arc throughout slightly less than half the circumference, anexhaust gap in the fixed plate adapted to reglster with the port in the cylinderdisc throughout an arc of rotation less than the are of the suction port in the said fixed disc.

13. A vacuum pump comprising a dished driving casing with an overhanging rim, a double-acting pump cylinder enclosed within said casing with an axis transverse thereto, a shaft supporting said pump cylinder at right angles to its axis, but disposed eccentrically to the drive casing axis, a bearing support for said cylinder shaft and a fixed port disc associated therewith and forming a lateral abutment for a contacting disc on the side oi? the cylinder, suction namisro, OAKES.

orts in; 

